晋西黄土区人工刺槐林生理生态特点分析与研究

采用Li-cor 6400便携式光合仪,对山西省吉县蔡家川流域试验区内刺槐的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度及其环境因子进行了观测,并辅以不同水分梯度下的林木生理指标观测与比较,研究了生理指标与环境因子之间的相互关系.结果表明:刺槐在生长过程中没有充足水分供应时,光合速率会出现负值;蒸腾日变化曲线单峰或双峰取决于土壤水分条件;各环境因子之间呈显著相关关系,综合作用于蒸腾速率,其中光合有效辐射是蒸腾速率的主要影响因子;气孔导度与相对湿度的变化一致,它们之间显著相关,呈二次项曲线关系.     

淡紫拟青霉防治植物线虫研究进展

淡紫拟青霉（Paecilomyces lilacinus）是防治植物线虫较有潜力的生物防治菌剂之一,对植物线虫卵具有较强的寄生能力。就其生物学特性、防治机理、环境安全性等方面进行了阐述。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌研究回顾与展望

回顾了苏云金芽孢杆菌发展的历史,综述了资源、鉴定与分类、分子生物学包括cry基因、vip基因chi基因、aliA基因,生物信息学、生态学、安全性及产品化等问题,并对今后的发展提出一些意见。     

武夷山米槠种群数量动态分析

对武夷山自然保护区米槠种群数量动态进行了系统研究.结果表明,武夷山自然保护区米槠种群基本属于进展型或稳定型,幼龄级个体多,中老龄级个体少.不同海拔的种群密度存在差异,其中C种群密度最大;静态生命表显示,种群在Ⅰ、II径级时死亡率较高,随着年龄增加,死亡率逐渐降低,但到了Ⅳ、Ⅴ径级,由于生理衰老死亡率又上升;种群期望寿命在II、Ⅲ、Ⅳ径级较高,随着年龄增加,期望寿命逐渐下降;不同海拔的米槠种群的存活曲线均接近于Deevey Ⅲ型.米槠种群动态是环境因素与生物学特性共同作用的结果,其中大气湿度、光照和土壤有机质等影响较大.在武夷山自然保护区,米槠种群应该以保护为主,适当抚育的措施,促进群落持续发育.     

自动吹灰技术在热媒炉上的应用

4650 kW热媒炉系统中热媒烟气换热器刺片管外和空气预热器烟道管内的积灰长时间堆积会影响换热器的效果,使排烟温度上升,热效率下降。在热媒炉上采用气动旋转脉动吹灰器,可降低烟气温度约30℃,排烟温度下降50℃,平均输油单耗下降约4.55%,全部吹扫过程由PLC可编程控制器进行程序控制。     

环境因子有效性与春小麦生育期模型的建立

研究指出：在影响春小麦生育期的众多环境因子中,温度是主导因子,其他环境因子的作用表现在对温度有效性的影响上。求出了各阶段的环境因子有效性系数,该系数能够综合定量地衡量环境因子对生育期的影响程度。提出了当量积温为环境因子有效性系数与活动积温乘积的概念。认为在环境因子不能满足的情况下,春小麦完成发育要求一定的当量积温。因春小麦不同生育阶段要求不同的环境条件,采用逐步订正法建立了生育期动态预报模型。该模     

环境科学的精神价值

环境科学作为1门跨自然与人文社会科学的交叉科学,不仅体现了以技术为中介的物质价值,同时也体现了人类自我完善的精神价值。环境科学的发展推动了科学自然观的建立;指出环境意识的普及和提高是人类文明进步的尺度;为社会进步提供了全面的发展观和对人起着美育的作用。在当今自然科学与社会科学的汇合洪流中,环境科学孕育着的精神价值不可低估。     

Has yield stability changed with genetic improvement of wheat yield?

The effect of plant breeding on yield and their physiological determinants has been widely studied in wheat. However, it is poorly understood how, and to what extent, yield stability has been modified. To attempt a direct analysis of changes in absolute and relative yield stability, data of yield of cultivars released in different eras in different environments were obtained from records from our lab and from the literature. Depending on the availability of data, effects of plant breeding on yield stability of cultivars released in Argentina, Australia, Italy and the United Kingdom were evaluated using a quantitative approach. In this paper it was assumed that the slope of yield vs. environmental index estimates the instability of the cultivars. In addition, a more qualitative approach for Mexico, and the former USSR complemented this analysis. There was a clear decrease in yield stability assessed in absolute terms as a consequence of wheat breeding. In Argentina, Australia, Italy and the UK this decrease was related to the magnitude of yield increases. However, the decrease in yield stability in Argentina and Australia was less than for Italy and the UK, particularly so during the last 30 years. Modern cultivars released in Argentina and Australia showed a trend to maintain yield stability as a percentage of their yield similar to that of their predecessors, while the two European countries analysed tended to a slight decrease in yield stability even in relative terms. The complementary, less quantitative evaluation of Mexico and the former USSR appeared to confirm the quantitative trends described for the other countries, i.e. a general decrease in yield stability (assessed in absolute terms) with genetic gains in yield potential. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

林区与农区环境质量的比较研究

林区与农区环境质量的比较研究＊吕洪飞关键词环境质量林区农区绿色食品旅游随着工农业生产的发展,工业三废及农药和化肥引起的环境污染日益严重。森林被认为是吞碳吐氧、滤尘、杀菌、消音、解毒吸毒的巨大的“绿色工厂”［１］,它不仅能不断地提供林产品,而且还能提供...     

黄土高原南部梯田土壤水分环境效应研究

水平梯田是控制坡耕地水土流失和实现旱作区农业高产与稳产的根本措施之一。通过研究发现,在黄土残塬沟壑区的泥河沟流域,梯田具有比较明显的蓄水、保水作用。距田埂愈近,越靠近外部,越接近土壤表层,土壤湿度越小,土壤愈干旱,越近里面,且越向下,土壤湿度越大。